论文翻译有怎样的技巧?

  论文翻译主要用于学习国外先进成果、参加国际学术研讨会，促进中外学术文化交流，下面上海臻云翻译公司为大家分享论文翻译有怎样的技巧?

  Thesis translation is mainly used to learn foreign advanced achievements, participate in international academic seminars and promote academic and cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries. Now, Shanghai Zhenyun translation company will share with you the skills of thesis translation?

  1、增译法和减译法，根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式，在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子，以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。这种方式多半用在汉译英里。另外，在汉译英时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语，以确保译文意思的完整。总之，通过增译，一是保证译文语法结构的完整，二是保证译文意思的明确。而减译法相对应的一种翻译方法，即删去不符合目标语思维习惯、语言习惯和表达方式的词，以避免译文累赘。增译法的例句反之即可。

  1. According to the different ways of thinking, language habits and expressions of English and Chinese, some words, short sentences or sentences are added in translation in order to more accurately express the meaning contained in the original text. This method is mostly used in Chinese translation. In addition, when translating from Chinese to English, we should also pay attention to adding some words implied but not explicit in the original text and some general and explanatory words to ensure the integrity of the meaning of the translation. In short, through additional translation, one is to ensure the integrity of the grammatical structure of the translation, and the other is to ensure the clarity of the meaning of the translation. A translation method corresponding to the subtraction method is to delete words that do not conform to the thinking habits, language habits and expression of the target language, so as to avoid the burden of the translation. The example sentence of the addition translation method can be reversed.

  2、拆句法和合并法，这是两种相对应的翻译方法。拆句法是把一个长而复杂的句子拆译成若干个较短、较简单的句子，通常用于英译汉;合并法是把若干个短句合并成一个长句，一般用于汉译英。

  2. Split syntax and merge are two corresponding translation methods. Split syntax is to split a long and complex sentence into several shorter and simpler sentences, which is usually used in English-Chinese translation; The combination method is to combine several short sentences into one long sentence, which is generally used in Chinese-English translation.

  3、正译法和反译法，这两种方法通常用于汉译英，偶尔也用于英译汉。所谓正译，是指把句子按照与汉语相同的语序或表达方式译成英语。所谓反译则是指把句子按照与汉语相反的语序或表达方式译成英语。

  3. Forward translation and reverse translation, which are usually used in Chinese-English translation and occasionally in English-Chinese translation. The so-called positive translation refers to translating sentences into English according to the same word order or expression as Chinese. The so-called reverse translation refers to translating sentences into English according to the word order or expression opposite to Chinese.

  4、倒置法，在汉语中，定语修饰语和状语修饰语往往位于被修饰语之前;在英语中，许多修饰语常常位于被修饰语之后，因此翻译时往往要把原文的语序颠倒过来。倒置法通常用于英译汉,即对英语长句按照汉语的习惯表达法进行前后调换，按意群或进行全部倒置，原则是使汉语译句安排符合现代汉语论理叙事的一般逻辑顺序。有时倒置法也用于汉译英。此时此刻，通过现代通信手段的奇迹，看到和听到我们讲话的人比整个世界历史上任何其他这样的场合都要多。

  4. In Chinese, attributive modifiers and adverbial modifiers often precede the modified ones; In English, many modifiers are often located after the modified one, so the word order of the original text is often reversed in translation. Inversion is usually used in English-Chinese translation, that is, long English sentences are exchanged back and forth according to the Chinese customary expression, and are inverted according to the meaning group or all. The principle is to make the arrangement of Chinese translated sentences conform to the general logical order of modern Chinese logical narration. Sometimes inversion is also used in Chinese-English translation. At this moment, through the miracle of modern means of communication, more people see and hear us than on any other such occasion in the whole history of the world.

  5、转换法，指翻译过程中为了使译文符合目标语的表述方式、方法和习惯而对原句中的词类、句型和语态等进行转换。具体的说，就是在词性方面，把名词转换为代词、形容词、动词;把动词转换成名词、形容词、副词、介词;把形容词转换成副词和短语。在句子成分方面，把主语变成状语、定语、宾语、表语;把谓语变成主语、定语、表语;把定语变成状语、主语;把宾语变成主语。在句型方面，把并列句变成复合句，把复合句变成并列句，把状语从句变成定语从句。在语态方面，可以把主动语态变为被动语态。

  5. Transformation refers to the transformation of parts of speech, sentence patterns and voice in the original sentence in order to make the translation conform to the expression, methods and habits of the target language. Specifically, it is to convert nouns into pronouns, adjectives and verbs in part of speech; Convert verbs into nouns, adjectives, adverbs and prepositions; Convert adjectives into adverbs and phrases. In terms of sentence components, turn the subject into adverbial, attributive, object and predicative; Change the predicate into subject, attributive and predicative; Turn attributives into adverbials and subjects; Change the object into the subject. In the aspect of sentence pattern, turn the compound sentence into compound sentence, turn the compound sentence into compound sentence, and turn the adverbial clause into attributive clause. In the aspect of voice, we can change the active voice into the passive voice.

  6、包孕法，这种方法多用于英译汉。所谓包孕是指在把英语长句译成汉语时，把英语后置成分按照汉语的正常语序放在中心词之前，使修饰成分在汉语句中形成前置包孕。但修饰成分不宜过长，否则会形成拖沓或造成汉语句子成分在连接上的纠葛。

  6. Inclusion method, which is mostly used in English-Chinese translation. The so-called inclusion means that when translating a long English sentence into Chinese, the post components of English are placed before the head word according to the normal word order of Chinese, so that the modifying components form pre inclusion in the Chinese sentence. However, the modifying elements should not be too long, otherwise it will cause procrastination or entanglement in the connection of Chinese sentence elements.

  7、插入法，指把难以处理的句子成分用破折号、括号或前后逗号插入译句中。这种方法主要用于笔译中。偶尔也用于口译中，即用同位语、插入语或定语从句来处理一些解释性成分。

  7. Insertion refers to inserting difficult sentence elements into the translated sentence with dashes, brackets or commas. This method is mainly used in translation. Occasionally, it is also used in interpretation, that is, to deal with some explanatory elements with appositions, parentheses or attributive clauses.

  8、重组法，指在进行英译汉时，为了使译文流畅和更符合汉语叙事论理的习惯，在捋清英语长句的结构、弄懂英语原意的基础上，彻底摆脱原文语序和句子形式，对句子进行重新组合。必须把大量时间花在确保关键人物均根据同一情报和目的行事，而这一切对身体的耐力和思维能力都是一大考验。因此，一旦考虑成熟，决策者就应迅速做出决策。

  8. Reorganization method means that in the process of English-Chinese translation, in order to make the translation smooth and more in line with the habit of Chinese narrative theory, on the basis of clarifying the structure of long English sentences and understanding the original meaning of English, completely get rid of the word order and sentence form of the original text and recombine the sentences. A lot of time must be spent ensuring that key people act on the same information and purpose, which is a great test of physical endurance and thinking ability. Therefore, once the consideration is mature, the decision-maker should make a decision quickly.

  9、综合法，是指单用某种翻译技巧无法译出时，着眼篇章，以逻辑分析为基础，同时使用转换法、倒置法、增译法、省译法、拆句法等多种翻译技巧的方法。

  9. Comprehensive method refers to the method of focusing on the text, taking logical analysis as the basis, and using various translation skills such as conversion method, inversion method, addition method, ellipsis method, syntax disassembly and so on.